Giovanni Sale, SJ

Once the Second World War ended in Europe with victory for the Allies, the crisis in relations between the new superpowers – the United States and the Soviet Union, who had fought together to defeat Nazism – began as early as April 1945. The reason was the establishment of a communist government in Poland, which… Read the full article

It is often said that Africa is “a continent on the move.” Before European colonization there were no real borders on the continent, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone “walls” or containing barriers, as unfortunately we know them everywhere today. There were, instead, empires whose geographical extent and borders varied, as well as acephalous societies,… Read the full article

The Berlin Conference on Libya, attended by representatives of 11 countries (mostly heads of government) and major international organizations, January 19, 2020, produced a joint declaration that supports the efforts of the United Nations for a lasting truce, for enforcement of the arms embargo and for the dismantling of militias supported by foreign powers who… Read the full article

The Turkish offensive against the Kurds of Rojava The evening of Wednesday, October 9, 2019, saw the beginning of the Turkish offensive in northeastern Syria against the Kurdish People’s Protection Units (Yekîneyên Parastina Gel – YPG). The Turkish government in Ankara considers them to be the Syrian branch of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), which… Read the full article

Japan in the new imperial era April 30 and May 1, 2019, have become part of Japan’s modern history. They will be remembered for the abdication of Emperor Akihito (the only abdication in the last two centuries), the ascent to the Chrysanthemum Throne of his son, Naruhito, and for the beginning of a new “imperial… Read the full article

According to Max Weber the formation of modern legal systems must be read in parallel with the process of secularization of the modern state and of civil and political society, which has separated the religious sphere from the secular, formulating new ethical and political principles to regulate the organization of the state and the coexistence… Read the full article

Mozambique lies on the east coast of Africa and “looks out” toward Madagascar and the Indian Ocean.[1] It is a member of the Southern African Development Community, a group of nations with a combined population of 250 million people. According to demographics experts this will become almost half a billion in the next 20 years.[2]… Read the full article

On Easter morning, April 21, 2019, six almost simultaneous explosions in three major Sri Lankan cities – Colombo, Negombo and Batticaloa – killed 253 people (including 30 foreigners) and injured almost 500. The eight suicide bombers hit three Christian churches where Easter celebrations were taking place,[1] and three luxury hotels (the Shangri-La Hotel, the Kingsbury… Read the full article